Analysis of steady-state messenger RNA levels of GSL pathway genes indicates that IQD1 affects expression of multiple genes with roles in GSL metabolism. Histochemical analysis of tissue-specific IQD1::GUS expression reveals IQD1 promoter activity mainly in vascular tissues of all organs. consistent with the expression patterns of several GSL-related genes. Interestingly overexpression of IQD1 reduces insect herbivory which is demonstrated in dual-choice assays with the generalist phloem-feeding green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) and in weight-gain assays with the cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni); a generalist-chewing lepidopteran (Levy et al. 2005)